Expectations vs. reality: unpacking the power of humour in Vilnius's city branding
VIEW FULL TEXT

Keywords

humour
city branding
image of Vilnius
marketing compaign
public communication

How to Cite

Černikovaitė, M. E., Bivainienė, L., & Karazijienė, Žaneta . (2025). Expectations vs. reality: unpacking the power of humour in Vilnius’s city branding. The European Journal of Humour Research, 13(3), 272-287. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR.2025.13.3.1082

Abstract

City branding is a multifaceted process that intertwines various cultural, social, and economic aspects. In the context of urban branding, particularly in the case of Vilnius, the role of humour as a communication tool is gaining prominence. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of humour in Vilnius brand communication and to assess how humour affects the city's brand image among diverse audiences. While conventional corporate branding strategies often prove successful in product marketing, they frequently encounter challenges when applied to cities due to their complex nature and diverse populations. This study explores the role of humour in city branding, examining its various manifestations from social media campaigns to public service announcements. The study employed a quantitative methodology, surveying 216 respondents. The results of the study demonstrated that incorporating humour into the customer experience can enhance the overall experience and cultivate a favourable image of the city. However, its application must be meticulously planned, considering the audience's moods and expectations. The study found that humour is more readily accepted by younger demographics, although older demographics do not inherently reject it. The practical value of the study lies in its ability to offer a nuanced understanding of how humour can be strategically integrated into urban branding initiatives. Additionally, the scientific value of the study is underscored by its contribution to the development of theories concerning branding and cultural representation.

VIEW FULL TEXT

References

Baumöl, U., Hollebeek, L., & Jung, R. (2016). Dynamics of customer interaction on social media platforms. Electronic Markets, 26, 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-016-0227-0.

Beuker, R., & Roscam Abbing, E. (2010). Two faces of social media: brand communication and brand research. Design Management Review, 21(1), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.2010.00051.x.

Chiew, T. M., Mathies, C., & Patterson, P. (2018). The effect of humour usage on customer’s service experiences. Australian Journal of Management, 44(1), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896218775799.

Cohen, R. J. (2013). Brand personification: introduction and overview. Psychology & Marketing, 31(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20671.

Djambaska, A., Petrovska, I., & Bundaleska, E. (2015). Is humor advertising always effective? parameters for effective use of humor in advertising. Journal of Management Research, 8(1), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v8i1.8419.

Eisend, M. (2021). The influence of humor in advertising: Explaining the effects of humor in two-sided messsages. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 962-973. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21634.

Fraustino, J. D., & Ma, L. (2015). CDC's use of social media and humor in a risk campaign— “Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse”. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 43(2), 222- 241, https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2015.101954462.

Gregory, G. D., Crawford, H. J., Lu, L., & Ngo L. (2019). Does humour travel? Advertising practices and audience effects in the United States and People’s Republic of China. International Journal of Advertising. 38(7), 957-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1590068.

Gordon, W. (2006). What do consumers do emotionally with advertising? Journal of Advertising Research, 46(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.2501/s0021849906060028.

He, X., Zhu, L., Sun, L. & Yang, L. (2022.) The influence of brand marketing on consumers’ emotion in mobile social media environment. Frontiers in Psychology. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962224.

Huber G. (2022). Putting humour to work: To make sense of and constitute organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(4), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12292.

Karl, K., & Peluchette, J. (2006). How does workplace fun impact employee perceptions of customer service quality? Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 13(2), 2-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071791907013002020163.

Kavaratzis, M. (2020). Is ‘city branding’ worth re-visiting? Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 111(1), 24-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12403.

Kim, S., Zhang, X. A., & Zhang, B. W. (2016). Self-mocking crisis strategy on social media: Focusing on Alibaba chairman Jack Ma in China. Public Relations Review, 42(5), 903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.10.004.

Lagerwerf, L. (2007). Irony and sarcasm in advertisements: Effects of relevant inappropriateness. Journal of Pragmatics, 39(10), 1702-1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.05.002.

Lunardo, R., Bompar, L., & Saintives, C. (2018). Humor usage by sellers and sales performance: The roles of the exploration relationship phase and types of humor. Recherche et Applications En Marketing (English Edition), 33(2), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/2051570718757905.

MacNiven, S., Lennon, J.J., Roberts, J. M. (2023). The language of marketing hyperbole and consumer perception – The case of Glasgow. PLoS ONE, 18(12), e0295132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295132.

Merlo, O., Eisingerich, A. B., Gillingwater, R., & Cao, J. J. (2023). Exploring the changing role of brand archetypes in customer-brand relationships: Why try to be a hero when your brand can be more? Business Horizons, 66(5), 615-629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.11.001.

Miller, D., Sinanan, J., Wang, X., McDonald, T., Haynes, N., Costa, E., Spyer, J., Venkatraman, S., & Nicolescu, R. (2016). How the world changed social media. UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1g69z35.

Nijholt, A. (2015). The humor continuum: from text to smart environments (Keynote Paper). In Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV 2015) (pp. 1-10). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEV.2015.7334034

Ning, Y-m., Hu, Ch., Tu, T-t., & Li, D. (2022). Offensive or amusing? The study on the influence of brand-to-brand teasing on consumer engagement behavioral intention based on social media. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.966254.

Orthaber, S. (2019). Aggressive humour as a means of voicing customer dissatisfaction and creating in-group identity. Journal of Pragmatics, 152, 160-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.11.002.

Piirman, M., & Saks, K. (2021). Presenting and perceiving humour in Estonian tourism settings. The European Journal of Humour Research, 9(4), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR2021.9.4.580.

Potočnik Topler, J. (2022). The role of humour in tourism discourse: The case of Montenegro. The European Journal of Humour Research, 10(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR.2022.10.1.639.

Primadipta, A., Mani, L., Hervindo, R., Mayer, A. & Indra, R. (2023). The use of visual humor on travel companies Instagram: Semiotic perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 101(2), 827–837. https://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol101No2/13Vol101No2.pdf.

Porres-Guerrero, M., & Foronda-Robles, C. (2019). Where is the humour in tourism promotion? An investigation of the “Spain Marks” campaign. The European Journal of Humour Research, 7(3), 46-62. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR2019.7.3.porres.

Ramadhani, I.S. & Indradjati, P.N. (2023). Toward contemporary city branding in the digital era: Conceptualizing the acceptability of city branding on social media. Open House International, 48(4), 666–682. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-08-2022-0213.

Saavedra Torres, J.L., Bhattarai, A., Dang, A., & Rawal, M. (2024). Do you want to be roasted? The boundaries of using dark humor as a brand-to-brand communication strategy. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 18(2): 220–237. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-12-2022-0370.

Sabri, O. (2021). Is self-mockery in advertising copywriting an efficient strategy to build brand closeness and purchase intention? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(7), 813-827. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-09-2020-4100.

Samson, A. C., & Gross, J. J. (2012) Humour as emotion regulation: The differential consequences of negative versus positive humour. Cognition and Emotion, 26(2), 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.585069

Shin, H., & Larson, L. R. L. (2020). The bright and dark sides of humorous response to online customer complaint. European Journal of Marketing, 54(8), 2013-2047. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2018-0522.

Sliburyte, L. & Klimavicius, M. (2012). Humor appeal in advertising: How to use it effectively. Economics and Management, 17(3), 1115–1124, https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.3.2132.

Söderlund, M., & Oikarinen, E-L. (2018). Joking with customers in the service encounter has a negative impact on customer satisfaction: Replication and extension. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 42, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.01.013.

Söderlund, M., Oikarinen, E-L., & Heikka, E-L. (2017). Jokes in the store and its effects on customer satisfaction. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 27(3), 260-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2017.1314862.

Stigel, J. & Frimann, S. (2006). City branding – all smoke, no fire? Nordicom Review, 27(2), 243-266. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0241.

Subramanian, K. R. (2018). Myth and mystery of shrinking attention span. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 5(3), 1-6 http://www.ijtrd.com/papers/IJTRD16531.pdf.

Ulimaz, M., Harfadli, M.M. & Syafitri, E.D. (2024). The existence of city branding entrenched object density patterns and city branding experience impressions. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 12(3), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.12.3_118.

Vuorela, T., Alatalo, S., Oikarinen, E.-L., & Poutiainen, A. (2021). Young consumers views on humorous BELFcommunication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(2), 265-278. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-01-2020-0008.

Warren, C., & McGraw, A. P. (2016). When does humorous marketing hurt brands? Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(1), 39–67. https://doi.org/10.1561/107.00000027.

Weinberger, M. G. & Gulas, C. S. (2019) The emergence of a half-century of research on humour in advertising: what have we learned? What do we still need to learn? International Journal of Advertising, 38(7), 911-956. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1598831.

Yu, Y., Huang, L., Qing, P., & Chen, T. (2022). How humor reduces the impact of negative feedback on social media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 57(4), 601-613. https://doi.org/10.1177/10949968221123771.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 The European Journal of Humour Research

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.